This paper describes options available for evaluating tool wear, focusing predominantly on closed-die forging. Correct design of tools and evaluation of tool wear have a substantial bearing on the final price of a product, which is why we have been dealing with this question, striving to develop an optimal methodology for tool evaluation. Wear can be evaluated using the finite element method. However, numerical computations must always be calibrated to the material and the process conditions in question.
Science Journal 