Simple cutting force models are well suited for orthogonal cutting. However, industrial processes often use oblique cutting with complicated cutting edge shapes, where simple cutting force models underestimate the forces. The new cutting force model is based on an existing model for restricted chip motion, but generic cutting edge and rake face shapes and arbitrary process kinematics are accepted to calculate the chip flow direction. The model is able to predict the force changes in the beginning of a turning process, when a tool with large nose radius enters the workpiece, and the chip movement in drilling.
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